Before reading Rosa Menkman’s Glitch Studies Manifesto, I mostly saw glitches as problems that good programming should prevent. In coding, we are usually trained to build systems that handle failures so smoothly that users never notice them. Because of that, I had always thought of noise as something unwanted. Menkman’s discussion changed that perspective by showing that noise and glitches can do more than interrupt a system — they can expose the hidden structures behind technology and question the idea that digital media must always be clean and flawless.

Even though I still understand why people prefer smooth and reliable devices, the reading made me value noise in a different way. I can see this reflected in today’s renewed interest in vintage cameras and older technologies, where imperfections are often appreciated rather than avoided. Glitch art does something similar: it turns error into expression and gives artists a way to challenge both technological standards and larger social or political systems. What stands out to me most is that meaning depends on perspective. The artist may see intention and structure in the glitch, while the viewer may still experience it as disruption. That made me realize that our idea of a “perfect” program or technology is not fixed, but shaped by how we choose to interpret it.